_____________________________________________________________________________

255.255.255.255 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 /32 Host (single addr)

255.255.255.254 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111110 /31 Unuseable

255.255.255.252 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100 /30 2 useable

255.255.255.248 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000 /29 6 useable

255.255.255.240 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 /28 14 useable

255.255.255.224 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 /27 30 useable

255.255.255.192 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 /26 62 useable

255.255.255.128 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 /25 126 useable

255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 /24 "Class C" 254 useable

255.255.254.0 11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000 /23 2 Class C's

255.255.252.0 11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000 /22 4 Class C's

255.255.248.0 11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000 /21 8 Class C's

255.255.240.0 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000 /20 16 Class C's

255.255.224.0 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000 /19 32 Class C's

255.255.192.0 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 /18 64 Class C's

255.255.128.0 11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000 /17 128 Class C's

255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 /16 "Class B"

255.254.0.0 11111111.11111110.00000000.00000000 /15 2 Class B's

255.252.0.0 11111111.11111100.00000000.00000000 /14 4 Class B's

255.248.0.0 11111111.11111000.00000000.00000000 /13 8 Class B's

255.240.0.0 11111111.11110000.00000000.00000000 /12 16 Class B's

255.224.0.0 11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000 /11 32 Class B's

255.192.0.0 11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000 /10 64 Class B's

255.128.0.0 11111111.10000000.00000000.00000000 /9 128 Class B's

255.0.0.0 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 /8 "Class A"

254.0.0.0 11111110.00000000.00000000.00000000 /7

252.0.0.0 11111100.00000000.00000000.00000000 /6

248.0.0.0 11111000.00000000.00000000.00000000 /5

240.0.0.0 11110000.00000000.00000000.00000000 /4

224.0.0.0 11100000.00000000.00000000.00000000 /3

192.0.0.0 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 /2

128.0.0.0 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 /1

0.0.0.0 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 /0 IP space

Net Addr Addr Addr Number

Class Range NetMask Bits Bits of hosts

----------------------------------------------------------

A 0-127 255.0.0.0 8 24 16777216 (i.e. 114.0.0.0)

B 128-191 255.255.0.0 16 16 65536 (i.e. 150.0.0.0)

C 192-254 255.255.255.0 24 8 256 (i.e. 199.0.0.0)

D 224-239 (multicast)

E 240-255 (reserved)

F 208-215 255.255.255.240 28 4 16

G 216/8 ARIN - North America

G 217/8 RIPE NCC - Europe

G 218-219/8 APNIC

H 220-221 255.255.255.248 29 3 8 (reserved)

K 222-223 255.255.255.254 31 1 2 (reserved)

(ref: RFC1375 & http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space )

( http://www.iana.org/numbers.htm )

----------------------------------------------------------

The current list of special use prefixes:

0.0.0.0/8

127.0.0.0/8

192.0.2.0/24

10.0.0.0/8

172.16.0.0/12

192.168.0.0/16

169.254.0.0/16

all D/E space

(ref: RFC1918 http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1918.txt )

( or ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1918.txt )

(rfc search: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfcsearch.html )

( http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt )

( http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html )

Martians: (updates at: www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space )

no ip source-route

access-list 100 deny ip host 0.0.0.0 any

deny ip 0.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any log ! antispoof

deny ip 0.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 ! antispoof

deny ip any 255.255.255.128 0.0.0.127 ! antispoof

deny ip host 0.0.0.0 any log ! antispoof

deny ip host [router intf] [router intf] ! antispoof

deny ip xxx.xxx.xxx.0 0.0.0.255 any log ! lan area

deny ip 0/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 1/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 2/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 5/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 7/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Private Use

deny ip 23/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 27/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 31/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 36-37/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 39/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 41-42/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 58-60/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 69-79/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 82-95/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 96-126/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 127/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 169.254.0.0 0.0.255.255 any log ! link-local network

deny ip 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255 any log ! reserved

deny ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any log ! reserved

deny ip 192.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 any log ! test network

deny ip 197/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 220/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 222-223/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

deny ip 224.0.0.0 31.255.255.255 any log ! multicast

deny ip 224.0.0.0 15.255.255.255 any log ! unless MBGP-learned routes

deny ip 224-239/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Multicast

deny ip 240-255/8 0.255.255.255 any log ! IANA - Reserved

filtered source addresses

0/8 ! broadcast

10/8 ! RFC 1918 private

127/8 ! loopback

169.254.0/16 ! link local

172.16.0.0/12 ! RFC 1918 private

192.0.2.0/24 ! TEST-NET

192.168.0/16 ! RFC 1918 private

224.0.0.0/4 ! class D multicast

240.0.0.0/5 ! class E reserved

248.0.0.0/5 ! reserved

255.255.255.255/32 ! broadcast

ARIN administrated blocks: (http://www.arin.net/regserv/IPStats.html)

24.0.0.0/8 (portions of)

63.0.0.0/8

64.0.0.0/8

65.0.0.0/8

66.0.0.0/8

196.0.0.0/8

198.0.0.0/8

199.0.0.0/8

200.0.0.0/8

204.0.0.0/8

205.0.0.0/8

206.0.0.0/8

207.0.0.0/8

208.0.0.0/8

209.0.0.0/8

216.0.0.0/8

----------------------------------------------------------

www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers

protocol numbers:

www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers

www.iana.org/numbers.htm

ICMP(Types/Codes)

Testing Destination Reachability & Status

(0/0) Echo-Reply

(8/0) Echo

Unreachable Destinations

(3/0) Network Unreachable

(3/1) Host Unreachable

(3/2) Protocol Unreachable

(3/3) Port Unreachable

(3/4) Fragmentaion Needed and DF set (Pkt too big)

(3/5) Source Route Failed

(3/6) Network Unknown

(3/7) Host Unknown

(3/9) DOD Net Prohibited

(3/10) DOD Host Prohibited

(3/11) Net TOS Unreachable

(3/12) Host TOS Unreachable

(3/13) Administratively Prohibited

(3/14) Host Precedence Unreachable

(3/15) Precedence Unreachable

Flow Control

(4/0) Source-Quench [RFC 1016]

Route Change Requests from Gateways

(5/0) Redirect Datagrams for the Net

(5/1) Redirect Datagrams for the Host

(5/2) Redirect Datagrams for the TOS and Net

(5/3) Redirect Datagrams for the TOS and Host

Router

(6/-) Alternate-Address

(9/0) Router-Advertisement

(10/0) Router-Solicitation

Detecting Circular or Excessively Long Routes

(11/0) Time to Live Count Exceeded

(11/1) Fragment Reassembly Time Exceeded

Reporting Incorrect Datagram Headers

(12/0) Parameter-Problem

(12/1) Option Missing

(12/2) No Room for Option

Clock Synchronization and Transit Time Estimation

(13/0) Timestamp-Request

(14/0) Timestamp-Reply

Obtaining a Network Address (RARP Alternative)

(15/0) Information-Request

(16/0) Information-Reply

Obtaining a Subnet Mask [RFC 950]

(17/0) Address Mask-Request

(18/0) Address Mask-Reply

Other

(30/0) Traceroute

(32/0) Mobile-Redirect

Ref: [RFC 792] [RFC 896] [RFC 950] [RFC 1016]

www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/cat6000/sw_5_3/cofigide/qos.htm#19774

Decimal system Prefix's

Factor Exponent Prefix

---------------------------------------------------

1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000...10^24....yotta

1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000...10^21....zetta

1 000 000 000 000 000 000...10^18....exa

1 000 000 000 000 000...10^15....peta

1 000 000 000 000...10^12....tera

1 000 000 000...10^9.....giga

1 000 000...10^6.....mega

1 000...10^3.....kilo

100...10^2.....hecto

10...10^1.....deka

0.1...10^-1....deci

0.01...10^-2....centi

0.001...10^-3....milli

0.000 001...10^-6....micro

0.000 000 001...10^-9....nano

0.000 000 000 001...10^-12...pico

0.000 000 000 000 001...10^-15...femto

0.000 000 000 000 000 001...10^-18...atto

0.000 000 000 000 000 000 001...10^-21...zepto

0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001...10^-24...yocto

---------------------------------------------------